High-compression quick-combustion engine



W. G. GERNANDT.

HIGH COMPRESSION QUICK COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 8,1918.

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APPLICATION FILED JUNE 8, 1,9I8.

Patented N 0V. 23., 1920.

' 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ik@ l@ ld' W. G. GERNANDT. 1 HIGH COIVIPRESSION QUICK COMBUSTIN ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 8,1918.

1,359,498, Patented Nov. 23,1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WALDO G. GERNANDT., OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR T0 GERNANDT MOTOR CORPORATION, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

HIGH-COMPRESSION QUICK-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

T 0 all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, VVALDO G. GERNANDT, a citizen of the United States, and a resiy dent of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in High-Compression Quick-Combustion Engines, of which the following, whentaken in connection with the drawings accompanying and forming a part hereof, is a full and complete specification.

This invention relates to a high pressure quick combustion engine.

rIhe objects of the invention are to obtain a construction which, when applied to a quick combustion engine of the named type is effective in operation, economical in construction and not liable to break or get out of order, and which is adapted to make use of :light or heavy liquid hydro-carbon for fuel. i

A further object of-theinvention is to obtain a high compression engine which does not require any considerable change from the construction of ordinary, or low pressure quick combustion engines, other than the substitution of a head embodying the principal features of this invention for the head now in use; it being understood that in a high compression engine of the types named no ignition plug is required.

A further object is to obtain an engine of the high compression type wherein the work done is varied by corresponding variation in the quantity of fuelv supplied.

In quick combustion engines of the high compression type made by`me I have found it dilicult to prevent leakage of gas under great pressure when compression rings are relied on, particularly in makin use of small auxiliary pistons to one si e of the engine pistons to obtain and maintain a high pressure outside of the combustion chamber, and a very essential part of this invention is embodied in the construction which obviates the use of spring rings auX- iliary to the ordinary piston rings.

Additional objects are hereinafter set forth and disclosed by the claims.

In the drawings referred to a construction embodying the novel features of the invention is exhibited. applied to the cylinders of Aa two cycle engine, and in said drawings y- F igure l, represents a vertical sectional Specification of Letters Patent. Patented NOV. 23, 1920, Application filed June 8, 1918.

Serial N0. 239,028.

View of the several movable parts illustrated in proper relative position. for ignition of a compressed charge in the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder.

Fig. 2, represents a like view, the several parts which are illustrated being in proper relative position subsequent to ignition of said charge in the combustion chamber and Fig. 3, a like view, the several parts which are illustrated being in proper relative and normal position during the greater part of the travel of the piston of the engine.

Fig. et is an elevation showing one end of the cam shaft and adjacent parts actuated thereby.

A reference charac-ter applied to designate a given part indicates said part throughout the several figures of the drawings, wherever the same appears.

l, represents the piston of a two cycle engine, 1av the cylinder, 2 the piston rings and 2a the connecting rod. 3 represents the combined compression and combustion chamber of cylinder 1a and 3a the head of said cylinder which forms one end of said chamber 3, and in which head the several parts about to be described are positioned.

An auxiliary compression chamber in head Sais designated by the numeral 4. 5 represents a longitudinally movable plunger one end whereof forms a movable wall to compression chamber 4C, and 6 represents a shoulder on the plunger 5, which forms a Valve adapted to co-act with valve seat 7. 8, represents an ordinary packing gland. 9, represents a lever which is illustrated as pivoted on pin 10. 11 indicates the upper end of a rod which is illustrated as attached by pin 12 to lever 9. Rod 11 is adapted to be actuated by a cam on the cam shaft of the engine and moved longitudinally thereby. Lever 9 is illustrated as connected to plunger, bvdmeans of shoulders 13, 14 and the intervening spring 15. By means of the connection 9 to 15 inclusive the plunger is forced downward to a determined position by lever 9, and is raised by said lever to close the valve 6, on seat 7; the spring 15 being adjusted to be under tension when said valve is seated. A recess extending axially frornthe lower end of plunger 5 is indicated by the broken lines 16 and said recess forms` a passageway which at its upperend is illustrated as connecting by means of radial apertures, which are numbered 17, with the annular groovel designated by the numeral 18. 19 represents a fuel depository in member 19a which at its lower end is provided with the radially extending apertures 2O communicating with the combustion chamber 3. Fuel is supplied to the depository 19, through passageway 21 in member 21a, and said passageway is provided with the check ball 22 at its lower end. 23 represents a pin to hold the ball adjacent to its seat. 24, 25 represent coaxial passageways, respectively connecting with fuel depositorv 19, and annular groove 18 on plunger 5. sageways are arranged to be obstructed by valve 26 in member 26a when said valve is closed on its seat 27. 28 represents the stem of valve 26 and 29 a gland or packing for said stem.

The normal position of valve 26 is illustrated in Fig. 3 of the drawings, it being closed during the movement of the piston 1 from the position in which it is illustrated in said Fig. 3 during the downward travel of said piston and its return to its said indicated position.

29a is a union by means of which the fuel supply pipe 30 is attached to the member 21a. 31 represents packing material which is interposed between members 21a and 194; 19 and 3, 26a and 3"; and between head 3a and the end of cylinder 1,

32 designates one of the bolts by means of which cylinder 1aN and head 3 are joined.

33 indicates water space in cylinder 1a and 34 water space in head 3a.

The plunger 5 and valve 26, as hereinbefore stated, are normally in position so that said valve 26 and valve 6 are seated; and at such time no gas however great its pressure may be, can flow lengthwise of the plunger through gland 8 or in either direction between passageways 24 and 25, it being observed that the adjacent opened ends of said passageways are positioned in seat 27 of said valve 26. y

In Fig. 4, the crank shaft is indicated by characters 35, the crank by 35a, and a gear wheel which is rigidly secured to thecrank shaft by 36. 37 represents a gear wheel which intermeshes with gear wheel 36, and which is rigidly secured on rotatably mounted cam shaft138. 38zt and 39 represent cams rigidly secured on shaft 38. Rod 11 is actuated by cam 38a; and 40 represents a like rod which is actuated by cam 39. 41 represents a bearing adjacent to the lower ends of rods 11 and 40, in which bearings said rods are longitudinally movable. 42 represents a pivotal pin which connects rod to lever 43 near one end of said lever. The other end of lever 43 is arranged to force the valve stem 28 down as said lever is turned on its fulcrum 44 b v cam 39. 45 represents a spring which abuts These pasat its upper end on annular flange or collar 46. Collar 46 is rigidly secured on valve stem 28, and said sprino` yieldingly holds the valve 26 seated at all times when not actuated as above described by cam 39.

The operation of the several parts or elements described ispas follows The timed relation of said parts andelements to piston 1 is such that immediately prior to ignition of the contents of combustion chamber 3 plunger 5 and valve 26 rapidly descends. The products of combustion in compression chamber 4 are thus put under greater pressure than is the compressed air in said combustion chamber, and hence the contents of said compression chamber are forced through recess 16, apertures 17, annular groove 18, passageways 25 and 24 fuel depository 19 and radial passageways20, (being discharged with considerable force), into the contents of said combustion chamber. ln the discharge, as last above set out, of the compressed products of combustion from compression chamber 4, fuel contained in fuel chamber 19 (said fuel being at the lower end thereof and obstructing passageways 20), will be forced through said passageways in advance of said discharge of-said products of combustion.

The last above recited action occurs when the several parts and members are in substantially the posit-ion, which is illustrated in Fig. 1, of the drawings.

Piston 41 will, upon the ignition of the contents of combustion chamber 3, descend and onor before said piston has traveled downward with the upperA end thereof in the position which is illustrated in Fig. 2, of the drawings, plunger 5 will be raised to seat valves 6. At this time the lower end of said plunger is above the passageway 25 and the ignition contents of compression chamber 3 will flow therefrom through passageways 20` fuel chamber 19, passageways 24, and 25 into said compression chamber 4.

Piston 1, continuing its travel, will descend to and beyond the position thereof which is indicated in Fig. 3, and on or before the upper end of said piston is in said position the valve 26 is seated, thus obstructing communication between passageways 24 and 25.

At this time the pressure in combustion chamber 3 and compression chamber 4 is substantially the same, and valve 6 and 26 remaining seated the said contents of compression chamber 4 are sealed therein and will so remain during the remainder of the travel of the piston 1 on its working stroke and during its return, (on the compression stroke thereof in the two cycle engine illustrated). until said piston is near to or in the position in which it is illustrated in Fig. 1, at which time plunger 5 and valve 26 a co-acting seat to sai move downward rapidly giving additional pressure to the contents of said compression chamber 4 andv removing the obstruction (valve 26) from the several recited passageways communicating with said compression and combustion chambers. During the time the valve 26 is seated, the pressure in fuel chamber 19 becomes lessened sufliciently to permit fuel to flow from passageway 2l into said fuel chamber 19, where by gravity it will drop to the bottom of said chamber .and seal passageway 20, said passageways 2O being of small diameter and sufficiently long to prevent the flow of said fuel therefrom into the combustion chamber until forced therethrough by the high pressure obtaining in said compression chamber upon the establishing of communication between said compression chamber 4 and said fuel chamber as hereinbefore recited.

The above recited cycles are repeated so long as fuel is supplied through conduit 30 to passageway 21 and fuel chamber 19, and the quantity of fuel so supplied determines the work of the engine.

I claim:

1. In a quick combustion engine provided with a combustion chamber, a cylinder head provided with a fuel depository in continuous communication with said combustion chamber, a well and a passage way communicable with said depository and with said well, in combination with means, comprising a valve seat and a normally seated coacting valve, to obstruct said passage way, a plunger in said well, and means to retract and to advance said plunger, said plunger normally in a retracted position, and said valve and plunger timed to establish communication between said depository and well, said plunger being in substantially its advanced posit-ion, and, said plunger being in its normal position, to trap products of combustion flowing from said combustion chamber through said fuel depository at substantially ignition pressure.

2. In a quick combustion engine provided with a combustion chamber, a cylinder head provided with a well, a fuel depository in continuous communication with said'combustion chamber, and a passage way communicating .with said well and with said depository, in combination with a valve and a co-acting valve seat, said valve normally seated to obstruct said passage way, a longitudinally movable plunger in said well, and means to advance and to retract said plunger, said. plunger rovided with a stop,

d) stop, and said plunger normally in a retracted position to seat said stop.

3. In a quick combustion engine provided with a combustion chamber, a cylinder head provided with a well, a fuelq depository in continuous communication with said comsaid stop, and said plunger normally in a 4,

retracted position to seat said stop, a lever arranged to force said plunger to an advanced position and to retract said plunger to its normal position, and a yielding member interposed between said plunger and lever and arrangedto be 'under pressure when said plunger isl in its normal position.

4. In a quick combustion engine provided with a combustion chamber, a well, a plunger, a stop on said plunger and a co-acting seat to said stop, said plunger normally in a retracted position tov seat said stop and longitudinally movable in said well to an advanced position, a fuel depository in continuous communication with said combustion chamber and a passage way communieating with said well and with said depository, means to obstruct said passage way and means to remove said obstruction concurrently with said plunger being in an advanced position and to maintain said removal to trap, said plunger being in said normal position, products of combustion at substantially ignition pressure, all combined as set forth.

5. In a quick combustion engine provided with a combustion chamber, means to supply fuel to said chamber, said means comprising a fuel depository in continuous communication with said chamber and adapted to alternately receive fuel from a fuel supply and products of combustion from said chamber, means to trap products of combustion flowing from said chamber into said depository at substantiallyignition pressure and means to return said trapped products under additional pressure to said chamber from said depository, said means to trap and return said products of combustion comprising said depository, a well, a plunger in said well, a passage way communicating with said depository and with said well and arranged to form an inletto and on outlet from said well, means to obstruct said passage way and means to remove said obstruction. i

6. In a quick combustion engine provided with a combustion chamber, a well, a plunger in said well, normally stationary in a retracted position and longitudinally movable to an advanced position and return, a stop on saidplunger and a co-acting seat therefor, said stop arranged to be seated when said plunger is in said normal position, in combination with a fuel depository in continuous communication with said chamber, a passage way in continuous communication with said fuel depository and, said plunger being in said normal position, with said well, a co-a'cting valve and valve seat, said valve being normally seated to obstruct said passage way and movable to -be unseated concurrently with said plunger approaching its advanced position and to trap products of combustion at substantially ignition pressure on said plunger being in said normal position, and means to establish communication between said well and said passage way on said approach of said plunger to said advanced position.

7. In a quick combustion engine, provided with a combustion chamber, means to supply fuel to said chamber, said means comprising a fuel depository in continuous communication with said chamber and adapted to receive products of combustion from said chamber, means to trap products of combustion from said combustion chamber flowing through said depository, said trapped products being at substantially ignition pressure, and said means comprising a well, a passageway communicating with said depository and said well, and means to seal said well, a passageway and depository arranged to discharge the contents of said well into said combustion chamber.

8. In a quick 'combustion engine, provided with a combustion chamber, means to supply fuel to said chamber, said means comprising afuel depository in continuous communication with said chamber and adapted to receive products ofcombustion from said chamber, means to trap products of combustion from said combustion chamber Howing through said depository, said trapped products being at substantially ignition pressure, and said means comprising a well, a passageway communicating with said depository and said well, and means to seal said well, means 'to break said seal and apply additional pressure to the products of combustion in said well, said passageway and depository arranged to discharge the contents of said well into said combustion chamber.

9. ln a quick combustion engine provided with a combustion chamber, a cylindrical well, a plunger in said well, normally stas tionary in a retracted position and longitiudinally movable to an advanced and to said retracted position, an annular shoulder on said plunger arranged to form a stop, a co-acting seat to said stop to forml a seal, a lever, a spring interposed between said lever and said plunger, said lever arranged to lforce said plunger to said advanced position bustion chamber and with said well when said plunger is in said normal position.

l0. ln a quick combustion engine provided with a combustion chamber, a cylindrical well, a plunger in said well, an annular stop on said plunger, a seat co-acting with said stop to form a seal, normally stationary in a retracted position and longitudinally movable to an advanced and to said retracted position, a lever, a spring interposed between said lever and said plunger, said lever arranged to force said plunger to said advanced and to retract said plunger to said normal position, and said spring arranged to permit said lever to continue its movement, the said plunger being in said normal position and said stop seated, in combination with a passageway communicating with said combustion chamber and with said well when said plunger is in its normal position, a co-acting valve seat and valve, said valve being normally seated to close said passageway.

WALDO Gr. GERNANDT. ln presence of- CHARLEs TURNER BROWN. 

